Potassium

What is potassium and where is it measured?

Potassium is a biomarker that reflects electrolyte and mineral balance in the body. It is an important mineral and electrolyte that is critical for many vital functions in the body, such as building and maintaining cell membranes, muscle contraction and regulating fluid and acid-base balance.

Blood potassium levels are usually measured to monitor electrolyte balance and detect possible disorders. A normal potassium level is usually between 3.5 and 5.0 millimoles per litre (mmol/L). Low potassium levels, known as hypokalaemia, can be caused by various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, certain medications, excessive potassium loss (e.g. through vomiting or diarrhoea) or kidney problems. Hypokalaemia can cause muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias and weakness.

High potassium levels, known as hyperkalaemia, may indicate impaired kidney function, certain medications, tissue injury or metabolic disorders. Hyperkalaemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and, in the worst cases, can be life-threatening.

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